By
Prof. ROBERT FASTIGGI
A GIFT GIVEN BY CHRIST FOR UNITY
EASTERN ORTHODOXY AND THE SEE OF PETER:
A Journey Towards Full Communion
By James Likoudis
Publisher: Park Press, Waite Park, Minn. 56387
[2006] softcover, 174 pp. – $24.95 (includes S&H).
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James Likoudis, President Emeritus of Catholics United for the
Faith, is a well-known Catholic speaker, author and scholar. Many recognize him
as the author of many articles in The Wanderer, and co-author (with Kenneth Whitehead) of the seminal book, The Pope, The Council and the Mass
(first published in 1981 and to be soon republished in an updated version). He
is equally esteemed for his timely critiques of flawed approaches to catechesis
and sex education.
This most recent book stands as the third major volume of Professor Likoudis
on Eastern Orthodoxy and Catholicism. His Ending the Byzantine Greek Schism: the 14th c. Apologia of Demetrios Kydones for Unity with Rome drew upon the
teaching of St. Thomas Aquinas on the Trinity to establish the truth of the
Roman Primacy in the Church. The Divine Primacy of the Bishop of Rome and Modern
Eastern Orthodoxy: Letters to a Greek Orthodox on the Unity of the Church
provides the most comprehensive examination in English of the major objections made by Eastern dissidents to Catholic doctrines. In many respects, Eastern
Orthodoxy and the See of Peter: A Journey towards Full Communion is the
most interesting and significant for the average reader. The first three chapters are
autobiographical, and they tell the story of his spiritual and intellectual
journey towards the fullness of orthodoxy and Catholicity that can only be
found in communion with the See of St. Peter.
As the son of Greek immigrant
parents in upstate New York, Likoudis had been taught that, "to be Greek is to
be Greek Orthodox." During his student days at the University of Buffalo,
however, he embarked upon a courageous and honest search into the claim of the
Catholic Church to be the true Church of Christ. The story of his entrance into
full communion with the Catholic Church makes for fascinating reading. It was
not only the influence of Ruth, his future bride, who had also embraced
Catholicism. Rather, it was the discovery of the truth that "to be fully
Orthodox is to be in communion with Peter’s See."
Students of history and theology
will be interested in which authors exerted the greatest influence on Likoudis.
Catholics scholars like M.J. Scheeben, J.H. Newman and Orestes Brownson are
mentioned, as well as the Russian philosopher and defender of the papacy,
Vladimir Soloviev. But works by non-Catholic historians also played a role,
such as Eastern Churches and the Papacy, by S.H. Scott and The See of
Peter by Shotwell and Loomis. The Patristic supports for papal authority supplied
by these texts proved difficult to reconcile with the anti-papal assertions of
polemical Orthodox writers, such as the lapsed Catholic, Abbé Guette. Moreover,
the claim that only Orthodox sacraments were valid – made by some Orthodox
authors, including one professor of Likoudis – contradicted not only the
doctrine of the early Church but also the views of various modern Orthodox
theologians.
Eastern Orthodoxy and the See of Peter: A Journey towards Full Communion
contains 13 chapters and two appendices that help the reader further appreciate
the papacy as a gift given by Christ for the preservation of unity within His Church.
Making use of many Eastern Christian sources, Likoudis provides overwhelming historical
support for the Catholic understanding of papal primacy and authority. In
addition to Byzantine Fathers like St. Maximos the Confessor, later Eastern
witnesses to papal papacy, such as Peter Mohila (17th century), are also
presented.
The book brings into focus other areas of
Catholic-Orthodox disagreement, for example, the doctrines of original sin and
the Immaculate Conception. Of particular value is the chapter on "Contraception
and Eastern Orthodoxy." Here the author shows how the Catholic Church, under
Paul VI and John Paul II, upheld the traditional Christian moral teaching,
while Eastern Orthodox bishops and theologians were willing to compromise this
moral tradition.
There are some added
features to this book. One chapter exposes the flaws of a recent anti-Catholic
polemic written by the former Southern Baptist minister turned Orthodox, Clark
Carlton. Another chapter examines the numerous misconceptions of Catholic
doctrine found in the popular book, Introducing
the Orthodox Church, by the Greek Orthodox priest, Fr. Anthony Coniaris.
Still another chapter tells the story of the Capuchin friar, Saint Leopoldo of
Castelnovo (1866-1942) who dedicated his life to the reconciliation of
separated Eastern Christians with the Catholic Church. An added bonus is an
appendix that provides the first complete English translation of Blessed Pius
IX’s 1848 letter, In Suprema Petri.
This letter, beautifully rendered into English by Fr. Patrick Brannan, S.J.,
praises the special contributions of the Christian Orient while calling upon
the separated Eastern Churches to restore full communion with the Holy Roman
Church.
There is probably no other
writer in English who has so thoroughly explored Catholic-Orthodox issues as
James Likoudis. This book is the fruit over 50 years of study and prayer. It is
a profound testimony to how the Holy Spirit has guided and continues to guide
the Church founded on the rock of St. Peter.
Robert Fastiggi, Ph.D.
Associate Professor of Systematic Theology,
Sacred Heart Major Seminary, Detroit, Michigan
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Copies of this book are available from the author James Likoudis at: P.O.Box 852, Montour Falls, NY 14865.
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